Traceroute Explained: Debug Network Paths & Latency

How traceroute works, how to read its output, and how to diagnose network issues using traceroute and mtr.

How Traceroute Works

Traceroute sends packets with incrementing TTL (Time To Live) values. Each router that decrements TTL to 0 sends back an ICMP response, revealing its IP and round-trip time.

traceroute google.com\n# or on Windows\ntracert google.com\n\n# Better: mtr (combines ping + traceroute)\nmtr google.com

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